We learned that provincial-height opportunity replacement advantages from future fuels was slightly smaller compared to people estimated out of modern-day fuels (Fig
We experienced reasonable and large replacing professionals regarding the analyses once the uncertainty about substitution advantages contributes to uncertainty when you look at the mitigation overall performance to have time and you can products . 4), however, contemporary fuels had better local differentiation, especially for places with high commercial time request and you will low inhabitants, just like the results out of an earlier investigation . To own upcoming analyses, it might be good-for features spatial information regarding coming people and you may commercial fuel useage each fossil fuel.
Uncertainty on the substitution advantages to have timber things is actually reviewed by the having fun with high and lower replacement advantages for sawnwood and you may boards. A current review of training with examined replacing positives to have timber , discover the average unit displacement factor that is in the diversity off values included in this study, however, additional information on displacement circumstances by commodity particular and nation is of good use, and additionally additional information on prevent-spends and related equipment lifetimes (elizabeth.g. [5, 8]). Information about substitution positives to have pulp and papers Sitio citas cougar is restricted, and then we assumed there was zero replacing benefit, but considering the proportion of C inside category (25% so you can 34% regarding wood merchandise), refining such facts have higher impacts on the web GHG reduction. No matter what uncertainties regarding actual magnitude regarding substitution experts, our abilities certainly reveal that better mitigation experts can be done courtesy procedures you to (1) improve C preservation time in harvested timber situations by favouring long-resided more than small-existed points along with bioenergy, and you can (2) enable the usage of wood situations to replace emission-intense material, e.grams. on building field. In terms of the economic analyses, similar studies have compared mitigation costs for various mitigation scenarios at the national scale and for specific activities [45, 56, 68]. In this study, we used regionally differentiated economic assumptions by three broad regions (northern interior, southern interior, coastal region) as well as at the timber supply area (TSA) level for the Bioenergy scenarios in order to capture the spatial variation in market price and production cost (Additional file 1: Table S9). The cost and price assumptions associated with the bioenergy scenarios and the substitution effects were TSA-specific depending on residue availability, bioenergy facility type, transportation distance (simple estimates), and fuel mix. We assumed that log prices would be affected if harvest shifted among log grades due to mitigation scenarios. For example, the Higher Recovery scenario was assumed to increase the proportion of logs in lower grades and thus reduce overall average log prices, while the Restricted Harvest scenario was assumed to decrease the portion of top-grade logs, and therefore also reduce overall average log prices. Costs related to forest management were affected if harvest activities were altered by mitigation scenarios, for instance, logging costs increased in conservation scenarios because more dispersed cut blocks were needed to keep the same harvest characteristics (e.g., diameters, tree species, etc.). We also assumed a fixed $50/tCO2e carbon price over the entire period for slashburning as a penalty in the baseline to reflect a possible policy change to include slashburning in BC’s existing carbon pricing . Manufacturing costs were also impacted by changes in production efficiency that then depend on the availability of input materials. Additional recovered fiber under Higher Utilization was assumed to be used in HWP following the same proportions as in the baseline, thus a lower manufacturing cost was assumed for pulp and paper production due to higher efficiency, but a higher manufacturing cost for solid wood products because of lower log quality. Similarly, higher manufacturing costs were assumed for all HWP in the conservation scenarios due to lower efficiency. In the LLP scenario, we assumed economy of scales increased manufacturing costs of pulp and paper (+ 2%) and decreased costs for solid wood products (? 2%) .Although not, zero improvement in business prices off HWP are assumed in every circumstance because the HWP prices are usually dependent on highest-scale avenues whenever you are log places is actually apparently local